ACC英語會話第5組

The Daffodils ( William Wordsworth (1770-1850))

I wandered lonely as a cloud                                                                             我孑然漫遊，像浮雲一片

That floats on high o'er vales and hills,                                                             高高飄過幽谷和山巔。

When all at once I saw a crowd,                                               驀地裏我瞥見，

A host, of golden daffodils,                                                  一叢金黃色的水仙;

Beside the lake, beneath the trees,                                             在林下，在湖邊，

Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.                                         迎風招展，舞姿翩翩。

Continuous as the stars that shine                                              像銀河繁星連綿，

And twinkle on the milky way,                                                時而閃爍，時而耀眼，

They stretched in never-ending line                                             水仙花伸展無限，

Along the margin of a bay:                                                        成行瀕列灣邊。

Ten thousand saw I at a glance                                                一眼望去，累萬成千，

Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.                                        擺頭搖曳，飄飄欲仙。

The waves beside them danced, but they                                       水波揚起在它們身邊，

Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:                                           但晶瑩浪花不如它們懽怍;

A Poet could not be but gay                                                      詩人開懷在所難免，

In such a jocund company!                                                                                    處身如此歡暢的友伴。

I gazed - and gazed - but little thought                                                                 我祇是凝視，殊少興念，

What wealth the show to me had brought:                                                         富足之感，因有美景當前。

For oft, when on my couch I lie                                                   由於我常倚榻而眠，

In vacant or in pensive mood,                                                    心靈虛渺，思慮沉甸，

They flash upon that inward eye                                                  水仙靈光照亮心眼，  

Which is the bliss of solitude;                                                                                     孤寂中福星顯現;

And then my heart with pleasure fills,                                           於是喜悅充滿我的心田，

And dances with the daffodils.                                                     心亦起舞，隨同水仙。

推薦原因

《水仙花》是我很喜歡的一首詩。是威廉.華茲華斯浪漫主義詩歌的代表作。文筆樸素清新，自然流暢。全詩共四節，第一節寫詩人心情孤寂，無所寄託，有如一片飄蕩的孤雲。就在這時，他的面前突然展現了一幅美景：一大片金色的水仙遍地開放，隨風嬉舞。第二節繼續描寫水仙的美景，以銀河閃爍的群星比喻水仙的繁多與色彩之奪目，又以開闊的視野寫出水仙向前伸展通往遠方的景象，並寫出水仙搖首舞蹈的歡樂情態。第三節寫歡樂起舞的水仙感染了詩人，使他的心靈也不由得愁雲消散而充滿歡樂。而運用擬人手法表達了對大自然的熱愛：The cloud wandered，the waves danced，他把它們寫成“a crowd”，“a host”，“a company”，“They dance and toss their heads”，它們還會表達歡樂愉快（“glee”，“jocund”）的心情。是一篇很美很美的詩作！

作者介紹

 威廉·華茲華斯（1770年4月7日－1850年4月23日），英國浪漫主義詩人，與雪萊、拜倫齊名，代表作有與塞繆爾·泰勒·柯勒律治合著的《抒情歌謠集》（Lyrical Ballads）、長詩《序曲》（Prelude）、《漫遊》（Excursion）。曾當上桂冠詩人，湖畔詩人之一，文藝復興以來最重要的英語詩人之一。

William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 – 23 April 1850) was a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with the 1798 joint publication Lyrical Ballads.Wordsworth's magnum opus is generally considered to be The Prelude, a semiautobiographical poem of his early years which the poet revised and expanded a number of times.

華茲華斯在位於英格蘭西北部，風光明媚的湖區出生，在家中五個小孩排行第二。他的母親Ann Cookson在他八歲的時候去世，之後他那當律師的父親John Wordsworth，就把他送到附近的一個小鎮，霍克斯黑德那處讀書，他就讀於鎮上一間學費昂貴的寄宿學校。華茲華斯的父親在一個貴族的手下工作，去世後，貴族的後人支付了華茲華斯一批遺產，在他的父親死後，華茲華斯由叔叔監護。他的童年經歷影響對他影響甚深，和兄弟姐妹的生離、和父母的死別，都成為他作品中不斷出現的主題。他在十七歲時考入了劍橋大學的聖約翰書院，三年後造訪法國，支持法國成為共和國，不久後於聖約翰書院畢業。他的妹妹亦成為了詩人。

The second of five children born to John Wordsworth and Ann Cookson, William Wordsworth was born in Wordsworth House in Cockermouth, Cumberland—part of the scenic region in northwest England, the Lake District. Wordsworth's father, although rarely present, did teach him poetry, including that of Milton, Shakespeare and Spenser, in addition to allowing his son to rely on his own father's library. Along with spending time reading in Cockermouth, Wordsworth would also stay at his mother's parents house in Penrith, Cumberland. At Penrith, Wordsworth was exposed to the moors and was influenced by his experience with the landscape and was further turned toward nature by the harsh treatment he received at the hands of his relatives.

After the death of their mother, in 1778, John Wordsworth sent William to Hawkshead Grammar School and Dorothy to live with relatives in Yorkshire. Wordsworth made his debut as a writer in 1787 when he published a sonnet in The European Magazine. That same year he began attending St John's College, Cambridge, and received his B.A. degree in 1791. He returned to Hawkshead for his first two summer holidays, and often spent later holidays on walking tours, visiting places famous for the beauty of their landscape. In 1790, he took a walking tour of Europe, during which he toured the Alps extensively, and visited nearby areas of France, Switzerland and Italy. His youngest brother, Christopher, rose to be Master of Trinity College.

  Caspar David Friedrich所繪的《霧海上的流浪者》。

浪漫主義（Romanticism）是開始於18世紀西歐的藝術、文學、和文化運動，大約就發生在1790年工業革命開始的前後。它注重以強烈的情感作為美學經驗的來源，並且開始強調如不安、驚恐等情緒，以及人在遭遇到大自然的壯麗時表現出的敬畏。浪漫主義是對於啟蒙時代以來的貴族和專制政治文化的顛覆，以藝術和文學反抗對於自然的人為理性化。浪漫主義重視民間藝術、自然、以及傳統，主張一個根基於自然的知識論，以自然的環境來解釋人類的活動，包括了語言、傳統、習俗。浪漫主義受到了啟蒙運動的理念影響，也吸收了中世紀文化復古的藝術成分。「浪漫」一詞來自於「romance」—代表了源於中世紀文學和浪漫文學裡頌揚英雄的詩賦風格。

法國大革命和工業革命裡發生的事件和其背後的意識形態也影響了浪漫主義運動。浪漫主義致力於宣揚那些在他們看來被忽略了的英雄個人所達成的成就，它正當化了個人的藝術想像力，並將其作為最重要的美學權威之一，突破了對於藝術的傳統定義。浪漫主義對於歷史和自然題材的強烈訴諸，便是形成這種理念的基礎。

Romanticism is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution. In part, it was a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature, and was embodied in the visual arts, music, and literature.

The movement validated strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror and terror and awe—especially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic categories. It elevated folk art and ancient custom to something noble, and argued for a "natural" epistemology of human activities as conditioned by nature in the form of language and customary usage.

Romanticism reached beyond the rational and Classicist ideal models to elevate a revived medievalism and elements of art and narrative perceived to be authentically medieval, in an attempt to escape the confines of population growth, urban sprawl, and industrialism, and it also attempted to embrace the exotic, unfamiliar, and distant in modes more authentic than chinoiserie, harnessing the power of the imagination to envision and to escape.

The modern sense of a romantic character may be expressed in Byronic ideals of a gifted, perhaps misunderstood loner, creatively following the dictates of his inspiration rather than the mores of contemporary society.

Although the movement is rooted in the German Sturm und Drang movement, which prized intuition and emotion over Enlightenment rationalism, the ideologies and events of the French Revolution laid the background from which Romanticism and the Counter-Enlightenment emerged. The confines of the Industrial Revolution also had their influence on Romanticism, which was in part an escape from modern realities; indeed, in the second half of the 19th century, "Realism" was offered as a polarized opposite to Romanticism. Romanticism elevated the achievements of what it perceived as heroic individualists and artists, which would elevate society. It also legitimized the individual imagination as a critical authority which permitted freedom from classical notions of form in art. There was a strong recourse to historical and natural inevitability, a zeitgeist, in the representation of its ideas.

在整體上而言，浪漫主義運動是由歐洲在18世紀晚期至19世紀初期出現的許多藝術家、詩人、作家、音樂家、以及政治家、哲學家等各種人物所組成。但至於浪漫主義的詳細特徵和對於浪漫主義的定義，一直到20世紀都仍是思想史和文學史界爭論的題材。美國歷史學家亞瑟·洛夫喬伊（Arthur Lovejoy）在他知名的《觀念史》（1948）一文中便曾試圖證明定義浪漫主義的困難性，一些學者將浪漫主義視為是一直持續到現代的文化運動，一些人認為它是現代性文化的開端，一些人則將它視為是傳統文化對啟蒙運動的反撲，也有一些人將它視為是法國大革命造成的直接影響。另一個定義則來自夏爾·波德萊爾：「浪漫主義既不是隨興的取材、也不是強調完全的精確，而是位於兩者的中間點，隨著感覺而走。」

許多知識分子和歷史學家將浪漫主義視為是對於啟蒙運動的反彈，是一種對啟蒙時代的反思。啟蒙時代的思想家強調演繹推理的絕對性，而浪漫主義則強調直覺、想像力、和感覺，甚至到了被一些人批評為「非理性主義」的程度。

In a basic sense, the term "Romanticism" has been used to refer to certain artists, poets, writers, musicians, as well as political, philosophical and social thinkers of the late 18th and early to mid 19th centuries. It has equally been used to refer to various artistic, intellectual, and social trends of that era. Despite this general usage of the term, a precise characterization and specific definition of Romanticism have been the subject of debate in the fields of intellectual history and literary history throughout the twentieth century, without any great measure of consensus emerging. Arthur Lovejoy attempted to demonstrate the difficulty of this problem in his seminal article "On The Discrimination of Romanticisms" in his Essays in the History of Ideas (1948); some scholars see romanticism as essentially continuous with the present, some see in it the inaugural moment of modernity, some see it as the beginning of a tradition of resistance to the Enlightenment—a Counter-Enlightenment—and still others place it firmly in the direct aftermath of the French Revolution. An earlier definition comes from Charles Baudelaire: "Romanticism is precisely situated neither in choice of subject nor exact truth, but in the way of feeling."

Many intellectual historians have seen Romanticism as a key movement in the Counter-Enlightenment, a reaction against the Age of Enlightenment. Whereas the thinkers of the Enlightenment emphasized the primacy of deductive reason, Romanticism emphasized intuition, imagination, and feeling, to a point that has led to some Romantic thinkers being accused of irrationalism.